IsDB MCs with Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans 31 31 Figure 30: Comparison of passenger and freight activity for selected IsDB MCs (2010) 32 Figure 31: Comparison of passenger and freight activity for selected non-IsDB benchmarking countries (2010) 33 Figure 32: Rail freight activity relative to GDP 33 Figure 33: Passenger and freight mode share (2010) 34 Figure 34: Projections for passenger transport relative to per capita GDP (2010–2050) Figure 35: Road traffic fatalities in IsDB MCs by income group (2000–2013) Figure 36: Road traffic fatalities by user group 35 36 37 Low-carbon Transport for Development Trends and Recommendations for Islamic Development Bank Member Countries i List of tables Table 1: Classification of MCs by region/sub-region Table 2: Classification of MCs by income level 3 4 Table 3: Assessment of transport data availability in IsDB MCs Table 4: IsDB MCs with a high motorization growth rate 5 10 Table 5: Motorization rate and growth rate of selected non-IsDB MCs Table 6: Transport targets in NDCs of IsDB MCs 11 21 Table 7: Overview of urban rail systems planned or under construction in IsDB MCs Table 8: Transport demand-management measures Table 9: Urban transport measures Table 10: Railway measures 38 38 39 Table 11: Walking and cycling measures Table 12: Shared mobility measures Table 13: Fuel economy measures Table 14: E-mobility measures 39 39 40 40 Table 15: Renewable energy measures Table 16: Freight and logistics measures Table A1: Potential actions 30 40 40 44 Table A2: Policy Responses Matrix (see also discussion in ‘Assessments of policy responses’ section) Reference Table 1: Global transport indicators in IsDB MCs 47 Reference Table 2: Development of main indicators 2010–2050 47 Reference Table 3: Motorization rates in IsDB MCs (vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants) Reference Table 4: Historical transport CO2 emissions (1990=100) 48 50 Reference Table 5: Transport mitigation measures identified in NDCs of IsDB MCs Reference Table 6: Mitigation potential studies of IsDB MCs 52 54 Reference Table 7: Transport adaptation measures identified in NDCs of IsDB MCs 59 Reference Table 8: Scores and ranks for human habitat vulnerability score on the ND-GAIN Index Reference Table 9: Urban rail systems in IsDB MCs Reference Table 10: BRT systems in IsDB MCs 60 61 62 Reference Table 11: Road traffic fatalities in IsDB MCs Low-carbon Transport for Development Trends and Recommendations for Islamic Development Bank Member Countries 45 63 ii Abbreviations and acronyms ADB ASEAN BAU BRT CNG CO CO2 DS EDGAR EV GDP Gg GHG GIZ GNI HDV ICE IEA INDC IsDB LDV LPG MC MENA Mt NAP NAPA NDC ND-GAIN NOx OECD OICA PM PPM PPP SDG SLoCaT SUMP TDM TraKB UIC UN UNCTAD UNEP UNFCCC USA WEF WHO WRI CAIT Asian Development Bank Association of Southeast Asian Nations business as usual bus rapid transport compressed natural gas carbon monoxide carbon dioxide degree scenario Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research electric vehicle gross domestic product gigagrams greenhouse gas Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH gross national income heavy-duty vehicle internal combustion engine International Energy Agency Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Islamic Development Bank light-duty vehicle liquid petroleum gas member country Middle East and North Africa megatonnes National Adaptation Plan National Adaptation Programmes of Action Nationally Determined Contribution Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative nitrogen oxide Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles particulate matter parts per million purchasing power parity Sustainable Development Goal Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan transport demand management Transport Knowledge Base Union Internationale des Chemins de fer United Nations United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United States of America World Economic Forum World Health Organization World Resources Institute Climate Analysis Indicators Tool Low-carbon Transport for Development Trends and Recommendations for Islamic Development Bank Member Countries iii Foreword The importance of transport to the global economy cannot be overemphasized. ... It includes targeted quantitative analyses and broad observations and recommendations on the current state of low-carbon transport, investment gaps and needs in these countries.

Level 18, Boulevard Plaza 2 Burj Khalifa District PO Box 1756, Dubai United Arab Emirates Dub 84856938.4 ‫دﻧﺗوﻧز أﻧد ﻛو‬ ٢ ‫ ﺑوﻟﯾﻔﺎرد ﺑﻼزا‬١٨ ‫اﻟطﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ ﺑرج ﺧﻠﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫ دﺑﻲ‬، ١٧٥٦ ‫ص ب‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‬ Contents 1 Definitions and interpretations 2 2 The Trust Certificates 13 3 Consideration 14 4 Declaration of Trust 14 5 Issuance in Series 15 6 Form and Issue of Trust certificates 15 7 Delegation of Authority to the Delegate 17 8 Duties of the Delegate 18 9 Duties of the Trustees 19 10 Representations and Warranties of the Trustees 20 11 Undertakings of the Trustees 20 12 Covenants of the Trustees 22 13 Representations and Warranties of the IsDB 23 14 Undertakings of the IsDB 26 15 Waiver and Amendments 27 16 Appointment of Agents and Delegation of Authority 28 17 Investment 28 18 Application of Moneys 29 19 Provisions Supplemental to Trustee Act 1925 30 20 Remuneration of the Delegate 36 21 Actions, Proceedings and Indemnification 37 22 Protection of Trustees and the Delegate 38 23 Enforcement of Rights 39 24 Entitlement to Treat Registered Certificateholder as Absolute Owner 39 25 Currency Indemnity 39 26 Limited Recourse and Non-Petition 40 27 Termination 41 28 No Partnership 41 29 Appointment, Removal or Retirement of the Delegate 41 30 Delegate not Precluded from Entering into Contracts 42 31 Notices 42 Contents (i) Dub 84856938.4 32 Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 44 33 Counterparts and Severability 44 34 Further Assurance 44 35 Shari’a Compliance 44 36 Governing Law 45 37 Dispute Resolution 45 Schedule 1 – Form of Global Trust Certificate and Individual Trust Certificate 48 Schedule 2 – Terms and Conditions of the Trust Certificates 57 Schedule 3 - Register and Transfer of Individual Trust Certificates 106 Schedule 4 - Form of Supplemental Trust Deed 108 Schedule 5 - Provisions for Meetings of Certificateholders 114 Schedule 6 - Form of Declaration of Commingling of Assets 120 Schedule 7 - Form of Cancellation Notice 123 Contents (ii) Dub 84856938.4 Master Trust Deed This Master Trust Deed (this Deed) is made by way of deed on 30 September 2024 Between (1) IDB Trust Services Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Jersey, whose registered office is at 44 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey JE4 9WG (in its capacity as issuer and its capacity as trustee for the Certificateholders); (2) IsDB Trust Services No.2 SARL, a private limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) incorporated under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, registered with the Luxembourg trade and companies register (Registre de commerce et des sociétés, Luxembourg) under number B247570 having its registered office at 28, Boulevard F.W. Raiffeisen, L-2411 Luxembourg (in its capacity as issuer and its capacity as trustee for the Certificateholders); (3) The Islamic Development Bank, whose principal office is at 8111 King Khalid Street, Al Nuzlah Al Yamania District – Unit No. 1, Jeddah 22332-2444, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (the IsDB or the Guarantor); and (4) The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c., a company incorporated in England and Wales, whose registered office is at the Eighth Floor, 100 Bishopsgate, London EC2N 4AG (the Delegate).